Services  /  Literature & evidence
08 / Pillar

Systematic literature search and evidence mapping.

Structured literature searches, evidence mapping, and reliability-scored evidence integration — built so an evaluator can verify the search, follow the inclusion logic, and rebuild the conclusion from the same inputs.

Reviewer working through scientific literature
Methods
EFSA SR guidance · PRISMA 2020
Klimisch · ToxRTool
Databases
PubMed · ScienceDirect
Google Scholar · Agency sources
Reliability
Klimisch · ToxRTool
CRED · SciRAP · NTP/OHAT
Outputs
Search protocol · PRISMA flow
Evidence tables · SLR report
What we do
A literature file a regulator can rebuild — not just read.

Most literature failures aren't about the conclusion. They're about traceability. An evaluator opens a literature file and asks four things: was the question framed precisely; were the right databases queried with documented syntax; were inclusion and exclusion calls applied consistently; and is each cited study weighted in line with its actual reliability. Our reviews are built so each of those is answerable from the file itself.

Reviewer question 01
Question framing
Has the regulatory question been translated into a precise search concept, with endpoints, populations, and exposure conditions explicitly defined?
Reviewer question 02
Search documentation
Are the databases, search strings, dates, and limits documented so the search can be re-executed and the result reproduced?
Reviewer question 03
Inclusion logic
Were inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in advance, applied consistently, and screening decisions traceable at title, abstract, and full-text levels?
Reviewer question 04
Reliability scoring
Is each cited study scored against a recognised reliability framework, with reasoning documented per study rather than assigned by default?
Library archive of scientific literature

From question to conclusion — every step documented, every call evidenced, every weighting reasoned.

EFSA SR guidance · CRED · ToxRTool · Klimisch · PRISMA 2020
Scope of support

Where we step in.

Across the literature lifecycle, from regulatory question to integrated evidence.

Evidence synthesis charts and forest plots

From regulatory question to integrated evidence — one documented base, reproducible across renewals.

EFSA SR guidance · PRISMA 2020 · Klimisch · CRED
01
Search strategy development
Design and documentation of comprehensive, traceable search strategies covering peer-reviewed and grey literature, tailored to the regulatory question and aligned with EFSA SR guidance — recorded with Boolean syntax, dates, and limits for re-execution.
EFSA SR guidance · PRISMA 2020
02
Database selection & protocol
Selection of scientific and grey-literature sources based on regulatory context (REACH, CLP, BPR), drawing on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and regulatory databases. Audit-ready protocols with predefined inclusion / exclusion criteria.
PubMed · ScienceDirect · Scholar
03
Screening & reliability
Stepwise screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts against predefined criteria. Reliability and relevance evaluated using Klimisch and ToxRTool for mammalian toxicology, CRED for ecotoxicity, with SciRAP or NTP/OHAT applied where the framework specifies them.
Klimisch · ToxRTool · CRED · SciRAP · NTP/OHAT
04
Evidence mapping & extraction
Organisation of extracted study data into structured evidence tables to support weight-of-evidence assessments, read-across justifications, waiving rationales, and integration of NAM-derived evidence into NGRA frameworks.
Evidence tables · WoE · NGRA
05
Regulatory reporting & integration
Audit-ready literature reports with documented search protocols, PRISMA 2020 flow diagrams, reliability assessment tables, and evidence summaries — formatted for direct inclusion in regulatory submissions (REACH, BPR, ED).
PRISMA 2020 · EFSA SR guidance
06
Ongoing literature monitoring
Periodic literature updates and horizon scanning to maintain the currency of safety assessments and regulatory dossiers as scientific knowledge and regulatory requirements evolve — including renewal-cycle and post-approval surveillance.
Renewal · Post-approval surveillance
When clients engage us

What prompts the call.

A reviewer working through study quality assessment
The first conversation Most engagements begin with one substance, a complex evidence base, and a regulatory deadline that pre-dates the review timeline.

Registrants whose existing literature review has been challenged for traceability or weighting. Active substance dossiers requiring full literature coverage across human health and environmental endpoints for BPR or PPP submission. Read-across justifications where source-substance literature needs systematic evaluation before integration into the dossier. Consortia building shared evidence bases that need to support multiple submissions and renewal cycles.

Case study

Comprehensive literature search and evidence mapping for BPR active substance renewal.

Anonymised engagement

An active substance approaching BPR renewal required a comprehensive systematic literature search across all human health and environmental endpoints, covering accumulated published literature since the previous review cycle. The renewal dossier needed traceable evidence identification, reliability-scored study summaries, and structured evidence tables ready for integration into the dRAR.

Challenge

Over a decade of accumulated published literature across multiple endpoint groups — repeated-dose toxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, endocrine endpoints, and ecotoxicity — with mixed study quality, varying relevance to the regulatory question, and a previous review cycle that had not provided sufficient documentation for re-execution at renewal.

Approach

  1. 01
    Reframed the review around the regulatory question for each endpoint group, with population, exposure conditions, comparator, and outcome defined explicitly in the search protocols. Inclusion and exclusion criteria documented prior to execution.
  2. 02
    Re-executed searches across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar with documented Boolean syntax, dates, and limits. Stepwise screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts against predefined criteria, with screening decisions recorded.
  3. 03
    Applied Klimisch and ToxRTool reliability scoring for mammalian toxicology and CRED for ecotoxicity, with reasoning documented per study and tailored to the study type.
  4. 04
    Organised extracted data into structured evidence tables by endpoint group, linked to the underlying studies and reliability scores — ready for integration into the endpoint-specific WoE narratives.
  5. 05
    Compiled the audit-ready literature report with documented search protocols, PRISMA 2020 flow diagrams, reliability assessment tables, and evidence summaries — formatted for direct integration into the dRAR.

Outcome

A reproducible SLR covering all relevant endpoint groups, with documented protocols, search strings, screening decisions, reliability assessments, and evidence tables. The evidence base was structured so each inclusion and weighting call could be verified from the file, and search protocols documented so the SLR can be re-executed at the next renewal cycle.

Questions we hear

Five questions that come up early.

Five questions that come up early in most literature engagements. If yours doesn't fit, send it through anyway — we'd rather hear the question than guess at it.

1

What is the difference between an SLR and a narrative review?

An SLR has a documented protocol — question, search syntax, screening criteria, and reliability assessment defined in advance and applied consistently. A narrative review summarises selected studies without that traceability.

For regulatory contexts where the evaluator needs to verify the search, an SLR is the standard expected.

2

Which reliability framework do you use?

Endpoint and framework dependent. We default to Klimisch and ToxRTool for mammalian toxicology, CRED for ecotoxicity, and SciRAP or the NTP/OHAT approach where the regulatory framework or endpoint cites them. Reasoning is documented per study rather than assigned by default.

3

Do you cover grey literature?

Yes. Regulatory grey literature — agency assessment reports, scientific committee opinions, monographs, and authority guidance — is included where relevant to the regulatory question. Sources and search dates are documented alongside peer-reviewed databases.

4

Can you support literature updates across the dossier lifecycle?

Yes. We design search protocols so they can be re-executed periodically — supporting renewal, post-approval variations, and emerging-data reviews from the same documented evidence base.

5

Can you support literature searches for read-across justification?

Yes. Source-substance literature searches and reliability-scored study summaries support read-across documentation under the RAAF, with evidence tables structured for integration into the read-across hypothesis and justification.

Start the conversation

Tell us the substance, the endpoint, the deadline.

Tell us the substance, the endpoint, and the regulatory clock. We'll come back with an initial scope and a fit assessment.